刺猬信號(hào)通路
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刺猬信號(hào)通路(英語(yǔ):Hedgehog signaling pathway)是重要的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路。
刺猬信號(hào)通路是動(dòng)物發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控之一,在所有的兩側(cè)對(duì)稱動(dòng)物中都有表達(dá)。刺猬信號(hào)通路得名于在其多肽配體--Drosophila果蠅中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種名為Hh 的細(xì)胞間信號(hào)分子。Hh是 Drosophila體節(jié)極性基因的表達(dá)物,是果蠅體形發(fā)育形成的基礎(chǔ)。該分子在后期胚胎開(kāi)成及變態(tài)期及起重要作用。[1]。
共有五種刺猬因子:音猬因子(Sonic hedgehog,SHH)、沙漠刺猬因子(desert hedgehog,DHH)、印度刺猬因子(Indian hedgehog,IHH)、Echidna Hedgehog,EHH和Tiggywinkle Hedgehog,TwHH)。僅在魚(yú)類(lèi)中發(fā)現(xiàn)有EHH和TwHH,哺乳類(lèi)和其他動(dòng)物中沒(méi)有這兩種刺猬因子。
哺乳動(dòng)物有三種刺猬信號(hào)路徑同系物,DHH、IHH及SHH,其中Sonic研究得最深入。該路徑在脊椎動(dòng)物胚胎發(fā)育中同樣的重要。缺乏缺乏該路徑組件的基因敲除小鼠,其大大腦、骨骼、肌肉系統(tǒng)、胃腸道及肺都未能正正常發(fā)育。近期研究表明刺猬信號(hào)路徑在調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)成人組織起到維護(hù)及再生作用的成體干細(xì)胞中的作用。同樣該路徑也與某些癌癥的發(fā)生的關(guān)系。幾家制藥公司正在積極的開(kāi)發(fā)針通過(guò)刺猬信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)以對(duì)抗癌癥的藥物。
目錄 |
發(fā)現(xiàn)
在20世紀(jì)70年代,發(fā)育生物學(xué)的基本問(wèn)題是一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的受精卵是如何發(fā)展成一個(gè)復(fù)雜的身體分節(jié)的動(dòng)物的。70年代末,克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德和艾瑞克·威斯喬斯分離了控制果蠅前后體軸發(fā)育分節(jié)的突變基因[2],他們的“飽和誘變”技術(shù)導(dǎo)致了一系列參與體軸形態(tài)發(fā)生基因的發(fā)現(xiàn)。1995年,他們因在對(duì)果蠅胚胎發(fā)育基因突變的研究工作與愛(ài)德華·路易斯共同獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。[3]
The Drosophila hedgehog (hh) gene was identified as one of several genes important for creating the differences between the anterior and posterior parts of individual body segments. The fly hh gene was independently cloned in 1992 by the labs of Jym Mohler, Philip Beachy, and Thomas B. Kornberg. Some hedgehog mutants result in abnormally-shaped embryos that are unusually short and stubby compared to wild type embryos. The function of the hedgehog segment polarity gene has been studied in terms of its influence on the normally polarized distribution of larval cuticular denticles as well as features on adult appendages such as legs and antennae.[4] Rather than the normal pattern of denticles, hedgehog mutant larvae tend to have "solid lawns" of denticles (Figure 1). The appearance of the stubby and "hairy" larvae inspired the name 'hedgehog'.
果蠅
機(jī)制
作用
脊椎動(dòng)物
機(jī)制
作用
人類(lèi)疾病
胚胎發(fā)育時(shí)缺少刺猬因子(因基因突變或孕婦誤食致畸劑)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的發(fā)育異常。
進(jìn)化
研究
參見(jiàn)
- 音猬因子,脊椎動(dòng)物中被研究得最為廣泛的信號(hào)通路配體。
- Smoothened,通路中最保守的部分,是一個(gè)G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體。
- Netpath - A curated resource of signal transduction pathways in humans
- Hh信號(hào)的抑制劑
- 環(huán)杷明,一種天然小分子
- Vismodegib, an investigational drug. Also FDA approved for basal cell carcinoma.
參考
- ↑ Ingham, Philip W.; Nakano, Yoshiro; Seger, Claudia. Mechanisms and functions of Hedgehog signalling across the metazoa. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2011, 12 (6): 393–406. doi:10.1038/nrg2984. PMID 21502959.
- ↑ Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane; Wieschaus, Eric. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature. 1980, 287 (5785): 795–801. doi:10.1038/287795a0. PMID 6776413.
- ↑ 1995 Nobel Prize for discovery of the genetic control of early embryonic development
- ↑ Mohler, Jym. Requirements for hedgehog, a Segmental Polarity Gene, in Patterning Larval and Adult Cuticle of Drosophila. Genetics. December 1988, 120 (4): 1061–72. PMID 3147217. PMC 1203569.
外部鏈接
- http://hedgehog.sfsu.edu (Hedgehog Pathway Database)
- http://www.novusbio.com/hedgehogpathway.html (Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Diagram)
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